Treść głównego artykułu

Abstrakt

Celem artykułu jest ocena funkcjonowania Komitetów ds. Przeglądu Międzynarodowych Przepisów Zdrowotnych (IHR) Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia. Podejmuje próbę analizy sposobu, w jaki działają takie komitety oraz znalezienia odpowiedzi na pytania, czy właściwie wykonują one swoje funkcje i czy możliwe byłoby usprawnienie ich działania. W kolejnych rozdziałach omówione zostają zasady działania, status prawny i uprawnienia tych komitetów, a także ich dotychczasowa działalność i jej efekty (tj. raporty). We wnioskach autor stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie o skuteczność Komitetów ds. Przeglądu IHR i sugeruje, co można byłoby zmienić.

Słowa kluczowe

Międzynarodowe Przepisy Zdrowotne, Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia, międzynarodowe prawo zdrowia, ochrona zdrowia publicznego, zagrożenie zdrowia publicznego o zasięgu międzynarodowym, pandemia, COVID-19 International Health Regulations, World Health Organization, international health law, public health, public health emergency of international concern, pandemic, COVID-19

Szczegóły artykułu

Referencje

  1. Barcik Jacek, Międzynarodowe prawo zdrowia publicznego. Warszawa: C. H. Beck, 2013.
  2. Bartolini Giulio, „The Failure of »Core Capacities« under the WHO International Health Regulations” International & Comparative Law Quarterly, nr 1 (2021): 233-250.
  3. Berman Ayelet, „Closing the Compliance Gap: From Soft to Hard Monitoring Mechanisms under the International Health Regulations” Washington University Global Studies Law Review, nr 3 (2021): 593-610.
  4. Bettcher Douglas, Katherine DeLand, Gemma Lien, Fernando Gonzalez-Martinez, Anne Huvos, Steven Solomon, Ulrike Schwerdtfeger, Haik Nikogosian, Angelika Tritscher, Julia Dalzell, „International efforts to promote public health”, [w:] Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health, Volume 1, red. Roger Detels, Martin Gulliford, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Chorh Chuan Tan. 348-364. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
  5. Bosek Leszek, Stan epidemii. Konstrukcja prawna. Warszawa: C. H. Beck, 2022.
  6. Brown, Clive M., Martin S. Cetron, „Crossing Borders: One World, Global Health” Clinical Infectious Diseases, nr 5 (2012): v-vi. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cis634.
  7. Bruemmer Emily A., Allyn L. Taylor, „Institutional Transparency in Global Health Law-making: The World Health Organization and the Implementation of the International Health Regulations”, [w:] Transparency in International Law, red. Andrea Bianchi, Anne Peters. 271-293. Cambridge-New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  8. Burek Wojciech, „Zmiana sposobu realizacji kompetencji prawotwórczych przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia” Problemy Współczesnego Prawa Międzynarodowego, Europejskiego i Porównawczego, nr 12 (2014): 73-83.
  9. Fidler David P., „From International Sanitary Conventions to Global Health Security: The New International Health Regulations” Chinese Journal of International Law, nr 2 (2005): 325–392. https://doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmi029.
  10. Fleming Matthew, „Combating the Spread of Disease: The International Health Regulations” Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, nr 3 (2012): 805-825.
  11. Glynn Steven M., Paul N. Cunningham, Kieron Flanagan, Typifying Scientific Advisory Structures and Scientific Advice Production Methodologies (TSAS). Manchester: The University of Manchester, 2003.
  12. Gopinathan Unni, Steven J. Hoffman, Trygve Ottersen, „Scientific Advisory Committees at the World Health Organization: A Qualitative Study of How Their Design Affects Quality, Relevance, and Legitimacy” Global Challenges, nr 2 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201700074.
  13. Gostin Lawrence O., Global Health Law. Cambridge, USA-London, UK: Harvard University Press, 2014.
  14. Gostin Lawrence O., „Global Health Security After Ebola: Four Global Commissions” The Milbank Quarterly, nr 1 (2016): 34-38.
  15. Gostin Lawrence O., Katz, Rebecca, „The International Health Regulations: The Governing Framework for Global Health Security” The Milbank Quarterly, nr 2, (2016): 264-313.
  16. Groux Gaëlle M. N., Steven J. Hoffman, Trygve Ottersen, „A Typology of Scientific Advisory Committees” Global Challenges, nr 2 (2018): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201800004.
  17. Hardiman Maxwell Charles, „World Health Organization Perspective on Implementation of International Health Regulations” Emerging Infectious Diseases, nr 7 (2012): 1041-1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1807.120395.
  18. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Law and Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Genewa, 2021. https://disasterlaw.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/media/disaster_law/2021-11/20211112_Law_PHE_ONLINE.pdf.
  19. Johnson Sirleaf Ellen, Helen Clark, „Report of the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response: making COVID-19 the last pandemic” The Lancet, nr 10295 (2021): 101-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01095-3.
  20. Kamradt-Scott Adam, „What Went Wrong? The World Health Organization from Swine Flu to Ebola”, [w:] Political Mistakes and Policy Failures in International Relations, red. Andreas Kruck, Kai Oppermann, Alexander Spencer. 193-215. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68173-3_9.
  21. Keefe Tania J., Mark W. Zacher, The Politics of Global Health Governance: United by Contagion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.
  22. Janik Marcin, „Mapowanie zagrożeń epidemicznych jako przykład wielopostaciowości administracji publicznej’ Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne, nr 1 (2018): 43-53.
  23. Negri Stefania, „Communicable Disease Control”, [w:] Research Handbook on Global Health Law, red. Gian Luca Burci, Brigit Toebes. 265-302. Cheltenham, UK-Northampton, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
  24. O'Dowd Adrian, „Council of Europe Condemns »Unjustified Scare« over Swine Flu” British Medical Journal, (2010): 340. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c3033.
  25. Ottersen Trygve, Steven J. Hoffman, Gaëlle Groux, „Ebola Again Show the International Health Regulation Are Broken: What Can Be Done Differently to Prepare for the Next Epidemic” American Journal of Law & Medicine, nr 2 i 3 (2016): 356-392.
  26. Ramesh Randeep, „Report Condemns Swine Flu Experts’ Ties to Big Pharma” The Guardian 2010. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/jun/04/swine-flu-experts-big-pharmaceutical.
  27. Sachs Jeffrey D., Salim S. Abdool Karim, Lara Aknin, Joseph Allen, Kirsten Brosbøl, Francesca Colombo, Gabriela Cuevas Barron, et al., „The Lancet Commission on Lessons for the Future from the COVID-19 Pandemic” The Lancet, nr 10359 (2022): 1224-1280. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01585-9.
  28. United Nations General Assembly, Protecting Humanity from Future Health Crises. Report of the High-level Panel on the Global Response to Health Crises. A/70/723. Nowy Jork: United Nations, 2016. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/822489/files/A_70_723-EN.pdf.
  29. Wenham Claire, „What we have Learnt about the World Health Organization from the Ebola Outbreak” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Biological Sciences, nr 1721 (2017): 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0307.
  30. World Health Organization, 2019 Annual Report: WHO Contingency Fund for Emergencies. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2020. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/emergencies/cfe_2019_annualreport9d5855c0-f172-4f6d-9056-a364115b9014.pdf?sfvrsn=d30001d2_1&download=true.
  31. World Health Organization, Emergencies: Emergency Medical Teams. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/emergencies-emergency-medical-teams.
  32. World Health Organization, IHR Review Committees. https://www.who.int/teams/ihr/ihr-review-committees.
  33. World Health Organization, Implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005). Report of the Review Committee on Second Extensions for Establishing National Public Health Capacities and on IHR Implementation. Report by the Director-General. EB136/22 Add.1. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2015.
  34. World Health Organization, Implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) Report of the Review Committee on the Functioning of the International Health Regulations (2005) in relation to Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Report by the Director-General. A.64/10. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2011.
  35. World Health Organization, Implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005). Report of the Review Committee on the Role of the International Health Regulations (2005) in the Ebola Outbreak and Response. Report by the Director-General. A69/21. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2016.
  36. World Health Organization, International Health Regulations (‎2005)‎. Third Edition. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2016. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/246107.
  37. World Health Organization, Report of the Ebola Interim Assessment Panel. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2015. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/evaluation/report-ebola-interim-assessment-panel.pdf.
  38. World Health Organization, Transcript of press briefing at WHO headquarters, Geneva. Dr Harvey Fineberg, Chair, IHR Review Committee. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2010. https://apps.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/pc_transcript_14_april_10_fineberg.pdf.
  39. World Health Organization, Universal Health and Preparedness Review (UHPR). Member States Information Session. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2021. https://apps.who.int/gb/COVID-19/pdf_files/2021/25_11/Item2.pdf
  40. World Health Organization, WHO’s Work in Health Emergencies. Strengthening Preparedness for Health Emergencies: Implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005). A74/9 Add.1. Genewa: World Health Organization, 2021.