Cooperation for health protection has played an important role in relations between countries and inspires great interest in these states and many international institutions. Bilateral cooperation, particularly the cooperation of neighbouring countries, is important in this context. The author analyses treaties on friendship and cooperation signed by Poland with neighbouring countries, that is, agreements that play a unique role in relations under treaties. It answers the research questions of whether these treaties accommodate provisions that refer to working together for health protection and, thus, whether this kind of cooperation is an expression of a shared interest of states, and whether this kind of cooperation has an adequate rank and guarantee of implementation.