This paper aims to consider the problem of „human enhancement” in relation to the thought of Michel Foucault. A key aspect of this is an examination of the ways in which contemporary societies challenge the traditional notions of individuals as citizens, the state as their caretaker, and the law as an instrument of this necessary care. In the three historical economies of power analysed – (sovereign, disciplinary and biopower) – the centres of power justified their authority in different ways, with the function of law closely linked to these justifications. The paper provides a different perspective on the problem of the politics of „human enhancement” – as a logical consequence of developing a specific type of relationship between the individual and the state, expressed by the term „pastoral power”.