Purpose: In this study, the authors analyzed a system for protecting minors victimized by post-aggressive suicide homicide in the context of the preliminary results of pioneering research from Poland for the years 2020-2023, which was commissioned by the Justice Institute; additionally, a nationwide survey of psychologists and psychiatrists on the assessment of this phenomenon was conducted. The aim of the study was to present a resolution of the problem: how the system for protecting minors victimized by post-aggressive suicide is functioning and how it can be strengthened, taking into account the preliminary results of file and survey research in this area from Poland.
Methods: Nineteen cases were analyzed via a quantitative‒qualitative method. The data was taken from pretrial case files sent by prosecutors' offices from all over Poland and included specific information, such as the child's relationship with the perpetrator, the weapon used, psychiatric treatment, and previous suicide attempts. This data was supplemented by data from a nationwide questionnaire administered to a sample of 84 psychiatrists and psychologists on the effectiveness of the psychiatric and psychological care system in preventing post-aggression suicide.
Results: Of the 19 cases analyzed, as many as 16 involved homicide, within which, 21 children aged between 8 months and 15 years were affected, with the main perpetrators being their parents or guardians. Fathers were almost twice as likely to commit the act as mothers. The most common causes of child homicide in post-aggression suicide cases are the perpetrators’ psychological problems, relationship problems, and other family problems. These findings confirm the results obtained from the survey of psychiatrists and psychologists.
Conclusions: The current system for protecting minors victimized by domestic violence does not provide adequate protection according to the studies conducted on post-aggression suicides in Poland. These problems are due mainly to perpetrators’ untreated mental illnesses and disorders and a lack of psychological support when family conflicts arise.
Changes in these areas could strengthen the system for protecting minor victims. One of the reasons for diagnosing risk factors for child homicide in post-aggression suicide is associated with the institution of a multidisciplinary team for the analysis of incidents resulting in the death of a minor or serious damage to health, introduced by the Act of 28.07.2023 at the central level. On the basis of the reports of this team, a nationwide system should be established to collect information on victims and perpetrators of post-aggression suicide, with a special focus on child victims.