During World War II, the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure of 1928 was formally enforced by the General Government. However, its scope was significantly limited. Its provisions were used by the judiciary of the Polish Underground State, but to a minimal extent. German courts did not apply it. Polish (non-German) courts used it, but only when the court was considering a criminal case against a person of non-German nationality, and only when the German prosecutor did not transfer the case to the jurisdiction of a German court. Several million people of nationalities other than German lived in the General Government: Poles, Jews, Ukrainians, and others. Most of the criminal cases against such persons, if they were brought, were conducted in Polish courts, which, unlike German courts, followed rational rules of procedure and gave the accused a chance for a fair trial. These cases were used in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure of 1928.