Since 2014, Ukraine's civilian population has experienced the worst atrocities since World War II. Not stopping at the annexation of Crimea and parts of territories in eastern Ukraine, Russia launched an unjustified and illegal aggressive war against Ukraine in February 2022. The Crimean Tatars, who had already been persecuted and deported by the USSR authorities almost 100 years ago, have again found themselves targeted by Russia. Since the occupation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Crimean Tatars have faced grave violations of their rights, such as killings, enforced disappearances, torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, illegal searches and unjustified legal proceedings, "passportisation" and the transfer of detainees from Crimea to the Russian Federation. The purpose of the article is to present Russia's violations of selected rights of Crimean Tatars and to analyze the effectiveness of international legal instruments for the protection of these rights.